完了形の分詞構文(Having p.p.)
着眼点主節の動詞より前の出来事を表す。
As he had finished his homework, he went out. → Having finished his homework, he went out.
単純形(doing)は主節と同時または直前の動作。直前なら Finishing でも通じるが、差が大きいとき(「すでに」の意味)は完了形が使われる。
例文
1
Having lived in Paris for ten years, she speaks French well.
パリに10年住んでいたので、彼女はフランス語が上手だ。
2
Not having seen him for years, I couldn't recognize him.
何年も彼に会っていなかったので、私には彼が分からなかった。
ポイント否定の完了形は Not having p.p.(not が having の前)。
確認問題
1
分詞構文に。 Because I had lost my key, I couldn't get in.
答え
Having lost my key, I couldn't get in.(lost は主節より前の時点)