tough
要点じょうぶな、堅い、屈強な、骨の折れる
意味
- (物が)じょうぶな
- (肉などが)堅い
- (体が)屈強な,じょうぶな,(人が)粘り強い,タフな
- (法などが)融通のきかない,(人・意志が)がんこな
- 骨の折れる,やっかいな
- 《米》粗暴な
- 《話》不幸な,不運な,つらい
- よた者,ごろつき,無法者
例文
The first four days of Ramadan were super tough.
ラマダン4日目が超辛かった。
I imagine it'd be tough if it was really serious.
あんまり深刻だとしんどいんじゃないかと思うよ。
This morning was tough because of my hangover.
今朝は二日酔いで辛かったです。
語源
古英語tōh「くっついて離れない・粘り強い」から。ちぎれにくい「じょうぶな・堅い」手ごわい「骨の折れる」。
英語の原文(Wiktionary)
From Middle English tough, towgh, tou, toȝ, from Old English tōh (“tough, tenacious, holding fast together; pliant; sticky, glutinous, clammy”), from Proto-West Germanic *tą̄h(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tanhuz (“fitting; clinging; tenacious; tough”), from *tinganą (“to press upon, throng”), from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”). Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian toai (“tough”), Bavarian zaach, zach (“tough”), Dutch taai (“tough”), German zäh, zähe (“tough”), Limburgish tiee (“tough”), Luxembourgish zéi (“tough”); also Ancient Greek δάκνω (dáknō, “to bite”), Albanian danë, darë (“tongs; pincers; pliers”), Sanskrit दशति (daśati, “to bite”).